Інтеграція корінних народів США у STEM-освіту: історичний розвиток, освітні програми та сучасні виклики
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66556/2786-586X.54.batyuk-lКлючові слова:
STEM-освіта, освіта, корінні американці, університет, племінні університети, інклюзивна освіта, освітні програми, США, УкраїнаАнотація
Статтю присвячено дослідженню інтеграції корінних народів у систему STEM-освіти Сполучених Штатів Америки у контексті історичного розвитку, освітніх програм та сучасних викликів. Актуальність дослідження зумовлена необхідністю розширення участі недостатньо представлених соціальних груп у галузях науки, технологій, інженерії та математики, а також зростанням уваги до інклюзивних моделей STEM-освіти у сучасному освітньому просторі. Метою статті є комплексний історико-педагогічний аналіз процесу інтеграції корінних американців у STEM-освіту, визначення основних етапів її розвитку, дослідження освітніх програм підтримки та узагальнення сучасних наукових підходів до розширення участі представників корінних народів у STEM-галузях. Методологічну основу дослідження становлять історико-педагогічний, порівняльний, аналітичний та бібліометричний методи, що дозволили систематизувати наукові джерела, визначити ключові напрями досліджень і проаналізувати еволюцію освітніх практик У роботі проаналізовано історичні етапи розвитку STEM-освіти корінних народів США від періоду обмеженого доступу до освіти у ХІХ–ХХ столітті до сучасного етапу активного впровадження інклюзивних освітніх програм. Встановлено, що важливу роль у розвитку STEM-освіти для корінних американців відіграють державні та наукові інституції, які реалізують спеціалізовані освітні та дослідницькі програми підтримки студентів корінних народів. Значний внесок у підготовку STEM-фахівців здійснюють племінні університети, діяльність яких спрямована на поєднання академічної освіти з культурно орієнтованими освітніми підходами. Результати бібліометричного аналізу наукових публікацій засвідчили зростання інтересу дослідників до проблеми STEM-освіти корінних народів США у ХХІ столітті, а також формування окремого міждисциплінарного напряму досліджень. Визначено ключові теми сучасних досліджень, серед яких розширення доступу до STEM-освіти, інтеграція традиційних знань корінних народів у навчальний процес, а також формування наукової ідентичності студентів. Наукова новизна дослідження полягає у систематизації історичних етапів розвитку STEM-освіти індіанців США, узагальненні сучасних наукових підходів та проведенні бібліометричного аналізу публікацій з цієї проблематики. Практичне значення роботи полягає у можливості використання отриманих результатів для вдосконалення освітньої політики, розвитку інклюзивної STEM-освіти та адаптації позитивного досвіду США у системі освіти України.Посилання
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